Metonymy
Definition
- · It is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life.
- · Metonymy (/mᵻˈtɒnᵻmi/ mi-TONN-ə-mee) is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated in meaning with that thing or concept.The words metonymy and metonym come from the Greek: μετωνυμία, metōnymía, "a change of name", from μετά, metá, "after, beyond" and -ωνυμία, -ōnymía, a suffix used to name figures of speech, from ὄνῠμα, ónyma or ὄνομα, ónoma, "name".[
- · Metonymy is a cognitive phenomenon—not just a figure of speech—with a considerable role in the organization of meaning (semantics), utterance production and interpretation (pragmatics), and even grammatical structure
Examples
In daily
life
We
use metonymy frequently in our everyday life. For a better understanding, let
us observe a few metonymy examples:
- England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the government.)
- The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen refers to written words and sword to military force.)
- The Oval Office was busy in work. (“The Oval Office” is a metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.)
- Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)
In literature
Example #1
The given
lines are from Shakespeare’s
“Julies Caesar” Act I.
“Friends,
Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.”
Mark Anthony
uses “ears” to say that he wants the people present there to listen to him
attentively. It is a metonymy because the word “ears” replaces the concept of
attention.
Example #2
This line is
from Margaret Mitchell’s novel “Gone with the Wind”.
“I’m mighty
glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it secedes or it would have
ruined the Christmas parties.”
Scarlett
uses “Georgia” to point out everything that makes up the state: citizens,
politician, government etc. It is a metonymy extremely common in the modern
world, where a name of a country or state refers to a whole nation and its government.
Thus, it renders brevity to the ideas.
TYPES OF
METONYMIC RELATION:-
- · PART FOR WHOLE[Synecdoche]
All hands on deck
- · WHOLE FOR PART[Synecdoche]
Brazil won the world cup
- · CONTAINER FOR CONTENT
I don’t drink more than two bottles
- · MATERIAL FOR OBJECT
She needs a glass.
- · CAUSE FOR EFFECT
His native tongue is English.
PROVERB
Proverbs are popularly defined as "short
expressions of popular wisdom". Efforts to improve on the popular
definition have not led to a more precise definition. The wisdom is in the form
of a general observation about the world or a bit of advice, sometimes more
nearly an attitude toward a situation
Kinds of Proverbs:
1. Aphorism
(Pepatah)
This proverb offers advice.
Example
: Don’t go too far in small.
(Persoalan kecil jangan dibesar-besarkan).
2. Parable (Perumpamaan)
That has a moral lesson and has parable.
Example
: To carry coals to New-castle.
(Bagai membuang garam kelaut)
3. Slogan (Pameo)
This proverb gives spirit or motivation.
Example
:
1. Early bird gets worm
(Tuhan akan memberikan rezeki kepada makhluk-Nya yang
lebih dulu bangun)
2. Diligence is the
mistress of success.
(Kerajinan pangkal kesuksesan)
4. Idiom
Idiom adalah kelompok kata yang dirangkai
dengan susunan tertentu dimana artinya tidak dapat ditebak dari arti
kata-kata penyusunnya secara terpisah.
Example :
1. Pull your sock up.
(improve your behaviour)
2. You can arrange your
bedroom at will. (sesuka hati)
3. Don’t mention it. (You’re
welcome)
Reference
http://www.pelajarelit.net/2015/04/proverb-and-riddle-pribahasa-dan-teka.html
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